Newton is enrolled at King’s School, Grantham (about 7 miles from Woolsthorpe). Oliver Cromwell appointed Lord Protector. Hannah returns to Woolsthorpe with her three children by her second marriage, Mary (b. Publication of Elias Ashmole’s alchemical verse anthology Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum.ĭeath of Barnabas Smith. Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years War in Northern Europe.Įxecution of Charles I England becomes a republic. Royalist defeat at Battle of Naseby marks the beginning of the end of the Civil War.Ģ7 Jan./6 Feb.: Hannah Newton marries Barnabas Smith, rector of North Witham (about a mile and a half from Woolsthorpe), and moves to North Witham, leaving young Isaac in Woolsthorpe in the care of Hannah’s mother, Margery. Marriage of Princess Mary (later Mary II, then aged nine) to William of Orange.Ģ5 Dec./4 Jan.: Birth of Isaac Newton in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire. Oct: Death of the elder Isaac Newton (buried 6/16 Oct.). It is here regarded as beginning on 1 January, but notes are added where this may lead to confusion (for instance, the Complete Works of Joseph Mede are dated 1664 but were in fact published in the early months of what we now call 1665).Īpril (exact date unknown): Marriage of the elder Isaac Newton, an illiterate but quite well-to-do yeoman farmer, to Hannah Ayscough. Matters are further complicated by the contemporary English habit of regarding the year as beginning on 25 March. In the interests of clarifying apparent discrepancies with other sources, both options are given here wherever a particular date is specified. Since some reference sources use one calendar, some the other, and some a mixture of both, this can cause considerable confusion. On either 19 February/1 March 1700 or 29 February/11 March 1700 (depending on which calendar is used to measure the gap), this discrepancy rose to eleven days, because there was no 29 February 1700 in the Gregorian calendar. At Newton’s birth, Gregorian dates were ten days ahead of Julian dates: thus Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642 by the Julian calendar but on 4 January 1643 by the Gregorian. The difference between them lay in their attitude to leap years. Note on dates: During Newton’s lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the ‘Julian’ or ‘Old Style’ in Britain and parts of Eastern Europe, and the more accurate ‘Gregorian’ or ‘New Style’ elsewhere. It would be impossible to provide an exhaustive list of such resources, but most of the best examples are listed on our Links page (for online material) and our Bibliography (for books and articles in print). It simply offers a quick and easy reference guide to the principal milestones in Newton’s personal and professional development, and correlates them with contemporary events and publications that influenced him.įor those wanting more detailed and nuanced accounts of Newton’s life and the various aspects of his thought, there is a wealth of material available online and in print. The following tabular summary of Newton’s life and work does not pretend to be a comprehensive biography.
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